http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983paac.confR..21F
The FEL electron linac consists of three buncher cavities:
two accelerator cavities and a deflection cavity, each with
its own phase coherent of source. All sources will be pulsed
for 10 (SIGMA)s at a 1 pps rate. The phase and amplitude
stability requirements are + or 1/20, and + or - 1/2%.
There are two subharmonic bunchers, each requiring 5 kW
at 108.33 MHz. All remaining cavities operate at 1300
MHz. The fundamental buncher requires 5 kW, whereas each
of the accelerating cavities requires at least 3 MW. The
deflection cavity requires up to 100 kW, which is coupled
from one of the accelerator cavity RF sources. Prominent
features of the RF system are the phase and amplitude
control circuits and the multimegawatt klystron
amplifiers. Three L3707 klystrons were obtained
from the AMRAD radar site at White Sands, which
was decommissioned in the early 1970s. The tubes
originally were designed to produce 10 MW, 10
(SIGMA)s pulses. Each tube has delivered over
3.6 MW, 100 (SIGMA)s pulses in the FEL system.
=============
http://www.amrad.org/projects/lf/
Whole information about LF & equipment.
=========
pdf doc:
Way Back When
Editor’s Note: One of the common questions we used to field
in Public Affairs was about the two huge pens out in the
desert near the Orogrande gate. On a clear day they were
visible from Highway 70 and other spots in the basin. Some
thought they were for UFO research while others thought
they housed big animals. Doyle explains their use.
By Doyle Piland
From the WSMR Museum Archives
Drive out Nike Avenue to the eastern edge of the
missile range and turn left just before the Orogrande gate.
Drive approximately 7.5 miles and turn left for another 2
miles. You come to a complex with a large dish type radar
antenna inside a very high fence. There is also a building
outside the fence with a large dish type radar antenna beside
it (see photo below). If there is anyone around, it would be
unusual. Well, that’s not the way it was Way Back When....
The radar inside the fence was called RAM and the one
outside was called RAMPART. The buildings, fence, and
antennas are still there today. All radar equipment has been
removed from the buildings. These two radars were part of
the Air Force Advanced Ballistic Reentry Systems (ABRES)
program.
The more familiar part of the ABRES program was the
Athena missile. The Athena was a multi-stage solid-fueled
rocket (see photo at right).
The Athena was launched from a White Sands operated
launch complex at Green River, Utah. It was typically flown
with four solid-propellant rocket stages with two additional
solid-propellant boosters strapped to the first stage that ignited
simultaneously with the latter. The first two stages lifted
the rocket to an apogee between 125 and 185 miles. After
that, the Athena pitched down and the remaining stages accelerated
the re-entry vehicle towards the denser atmosphere
to a speed of up to 22,000 feet per second and would impact
in the southern part of White Sands Missile Range.
The RAM radar antenna and building inside the fenced area and the RAMPART antenna and building outside.
The Air Force Athena Missile sits on its rail ready to
launch from Green River, Utah.
See ICBM Simulation, page 5
5
ICBM Simulation
With a flight lasting only four minutes and going to a
maximum distance of about 470 miles, the Athena could realistically
simulate a 25 minute ICBM mission across 5,000
miles. The USAF launched more than 140 Athenas between
1964 and March 1977, testing reentry technology for the
Titan, Minuteman, Polaris, and Poseidon missiles. The fiery
nighttime reentry of the Athena provided a spectacular display
as it streaked toward impact with the desert floor a little
northwest of the RAM and RAMPART Radars.
To track and evaluate the characteristics and performance
of the various reentry technologies being tested, a
sophisticated S-band radar system, named RAMPART, and
a UHF and L-band radar system called RAM were installed
near the impact area on the southern end of the range. A
similar UHF/L-band system that included a VHF measurement
capability was installed at Stallion at the north end of
the Range to provide high-aspect-angle data.
Now, while the Air Force was primarily interested in
measuring the characteristics and performance of their equipment,
other agencies, in particular the Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA), were also interested in information
that could be used in dealing defensively with enemy reentry
vehicles. Because the Special Test Vehicle program offered
ARPA an excellent chance to test their “ARPA Measure-
The ARPA Measurements Radar (AMRAD) located about 7.75 miles north of Nike Ave. on the eastern edge of
White Sands Missile Range.
ments Radar” (AMRAD) and its discrimination techniques,
White Sands was selected as the site for that radar.
The AMRAD was located approximately 2.1 miles
east-northeast of the RAM-RAMPART complex. AMRAD
was built by the Raytheon Corporation to Lincoln Laboratory
specifications.
It was an L-band system with a sixty-foot dish
(see photo below).
In addition to the radars discussed above, there were
other radars that also participated in the ABRES activities in
support of ARPA. The Target Tracking Radar and Discrimination
Radar from the cancelled Nike Zeus program,
the Multifunction Array Radar (MAR), part of the Nike X
program, and the “Hard Point Defense Array Radar” (HAPDAR)
installed in the Nike Zeus Acquisition Radar Receiver
Building, another ARPA project, were all used to various
degrees. There was also a large dish radar antenna a little
south of Highway 70 just before the turnoff to what was then
MAR site (now HELSTF), which most likely played some
roll in this programs as well.
Since the radar buildings of the RAM, RAMPART, and
AMRAD had large Radio Frequency (RF) shielded rooms,
they are very useful to other agencies such as the Survivability/
Lethality Analysis Directorate (SLAD) and the Nuclear
Effects Facilities of the Material Test Directorate and have
been in intermittent use for many years. But, there isn’t near
the activity and excitement that there was Way Back When....
---------------
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0664764
DTIC OnLine: Information for the Defense Community
EFFECT OF ANTENNA OPERATION ON STRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION BEHAVIOR
=============
http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Radar-and-Electronic-Warfare-Systems/Rampart-countermeasures-system-United-Kingdom.html
Janes Intelligence reports
Detailed description and statistice of the system
===============
http://www.wsmr-history.org/HandsAcrossHistory-02-09.pdf
White Sands Missile Range publication, "Hands Across History"
historical report
==============